Before SPF: A Brief History of Sunscreen

Before SPF numbers lined every drugstore shelf and beach bags everywhere held a tube of lotion promising “broad spectrum protection,” humans were still acutely aware of the sun’s power—and did what they could to protect themselves. From mineral-based pastes to early innovations in chemistry, here’s a look at what people did before sunscreen and how modern sun protection came to be.

Ancient Shadows: Pre-Sunscreen Sun Protection

Before modern science entered the scene, sun protection was more about behavior and natural ingredients than chemical barriers.

Ancient Egypt

As early as 3100 BCE, Egyptians were formulating balms and ointments for skin protection using rice bran oil, jojoba oil, and lupine extract. These ingredients, now known to have some UV-absorbing and antioxidant properties, were applied alongside the use of shade structures and linen garments.

Ancient Greece and Rome

Greeks used olive oil as a protective skin treatment, while Romans relied on physical shade, togas, and head coverings. Though not scientifically protective, these behaviors reflect early sun-aware lifestyles.

Asia and India

Ayurvedic traditions in India included the use of sandalwood and turmeric, known for their anti-inflammatory properties. In Japan and China, parasols, veils, and white zinc-based powders helped preserve pale complexions and avoid sun exposure.

The Invention of Sunscreen: Science Meets Sunlight

In the 1930s, modern sunscreen began to take shape. Swiss chemist Franz Greiter

developed 'Gletscher Crème' after a sunburn on Mount Piz Buin. His formula later evolved into the SPF rating system. French chemist Eugène Schueller of L'Oréal created another early UV-blocking solution.

WWII and the GI Influence

During World War II, American soldiers used a product called Red Vet Pet, a red-tinted petroleum jelly. This crude sunscreen offered basic protection and inspired Benjamin Green to create a consumer version that became Coppertone in 1944.

The Rise of SPF and Broad-Spectrum Formulas

From the 1960s onward, SPF ratings helped quantify UVB protection. In the 1990s and 2000s, awareness expanded to UVA rays, and products began including zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and avobenzone for broader coverage.

Today’s Sunscreens

Today’s sun care includes mineral and chemical sunscreens, reef-safe formulas, and wearable UV sensors. Sunscreen is integrated into makeup, moisturizers, and clothing — offering versatile protection that reflects decades of advancement.

So the next time you reach for your favorite sunscreen, remember: it’s more than a beachbag essential — it’s the culmination of thousands of years of adaptation, curiosity, and progress.